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Zoonotic Disease

What is zoonotic disease?

What is zoonosis

The World Health Organisation (WHO) defines zoonoses as

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“diseases and infections that are naturally transmitted between vertebrate animals and humans. A zoonotic agent may be a bacterium, a virus, a fungus or other communicable disease agent”.

Why is this important

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“At least 61% of all human pathogens are zoonotic, and have represented 75% of all emerging pathogens during the past decade”
🔗 Source: Zoonotic disease: emerging public health threats in the Region
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Globally, infectious diseases account for 15.8% of all deaths and 43.7% of deaths in low-resource countries 
🔗 Source: Prioritizing Zoonoses for Global Health Capacity Building-Themes from One Health Zoonotic Disease Workshops in 7 Countries, 2014-2016

Zoonotic diseases represent critical threats to global health security. Effective mitigation of the impact of endemic and emerging zoonotic diseases of public health importance requires multisectoral collaboration and interdisciplinary partnerships. The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention created the One Health Zoonotic Disease Prioritization Tool to help countries identify zoonotic diseases of greatest national concern using input from representatives of human health, agriculture, environment, and wildlife sectors. We review 7 One Health Zoonotic Disease Prioritization Tool workshops conducted during 2014-2016, highlighting workshop outcomes, lessons learned, and shared themes from countries implementing this process. We also describe the tool's ability to help countries focus One Health capacity-building efforts to appropriately prevent, detect, and respond to zoonotic disease threats.

Keywords: GHSA; Global Health Security Agenda; IHR 2005; International Health Regulations; One Health; disease prioritization; global health; global health security; zoonoses.

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Influenza is only one of the more than 200 infectious diseases transmitted between humans and animals
🔗 Source:  The pig as a mixing vessel for influenza viruses: Human and veterinary implications

PMID: 19565018 Influenza A viruses are highly infectious respiratory pathogens that can infect many species. Birds are the reservoir for all known influenza A subtypes; and novel influenza viruses can emerge from birds and infect mammalian species including humans.

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“It is estimated that zoonoses are responsible for 2.5 billion cases of human illness and 2.7 million human deaths worldwide each year”
Prioritizing Zoonoses for Global Health Capacity Building-Themes from One Health Zoonotic Disease Workshops in 7 Countries, 2014-2016

Zoonotic diseases represent critical threats to global health security. Effective mitigation of the impact of endemic and emerging zoonotic diseases of public health importance requires multisectoral collaboration and interdisciplinary partnerships. The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention created the One Health Zoonotic Disease Prioritization Tool to help countries identify zoonotic diseases of greatest national concern using input from representatives of human health, agriculture, environment, and wildlife sectors. We review 7 One Health Zoonotic Disease Prioritization Tool workshops conducted during 2014-2016, highlighting workshop outcomes, lessons learned, and shared themes from countries implementing this process. We also describe the tool's ability to help countries focus One Health capacity-building efforts to appropriately prevent, detect, and respond to zoonotic disease threats.

Keywords: GHSA; Global Health Security Agenda; IHR 2005; International Health Regulations; One Health; disease prioritization; global health; global health security; zoonoses.

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